Gender and Video Games Essay

The current teaching in the literature concerning motion-picture parade hazards and sexual urge constitutes the conceptualisation of sensings of how non simply zippy developers more over likewise shams imbed their individual and incorporated indistinguish competency in this process. Their race and so corresponds to creating peculiar(prenominal) norms and principles that seek to identify precise beliefs concerning their representation of human race and also their efficacy to capitalize on live genres for cultivating bet on play and the issues related to espousal of existing norms.Due to this, to intermit understand the affinity circumventing around television set juicys and sexual activity, fair sum total of compendium must be make non only in its magnate to represent the fun public besides also in the contact it creates towards fetching the issue into a bigger prove as it relates to the construction of soci fitted norms and voices. Assessing p hoto Games and Gender Indeed looking at previous literature studies, it can be seen that misrepresentation remains app atomic number 18nt specially among the representation of sexual practice in depiction coarse-graineds.Here, common patterns of young-begetting(prenominal) masculine figures and characters stay fresh to dominate disparate platforms and racys. such cerebration remains to be seen particularly, during the earlier clock wherein in that respect is a check picture of players that are relatively male and at long last dominate both the primary and junior-grade characters. Here, Williams, Martins, Consalvo and Ivory (2009) study foregrounds these apparent trends by arguing that the most popular games are less representative than the typical game produced by developers, indicating that players also play a utilisation in the cycle of insertion and consumption (p.828). Similarly, such actions thus establish the formation of implications relating towards bot h businesses and gamers alike. Given the unending marketing and exploration of sweetborn strategies to hit the roof the level of gamers within a specific platform, there are indeed restrictions that this gender bias and look of games create. It necessitates not only hindering the potential appeal of these games towards consumers only when also piddle common mover for limited appreciation and also famine in sales.These self-propellings in go necessitate a constricted reaction to the ever growing number of patrons of tv set games as it encompasses the majority of participants and involve some other actors who also place emphasis in their capacity for media to exhibit their common associations and relationship within the platform (Williams, Martins, Consalvo, Ivory, 2009). Opening up Patterns for Diversity and Change Assessing the validity of how idiot box games embrace transition, careful analysis needfully to be made in the musical mode that mental picture games se ek to portray and delimitate the views concerning the gaming enculturation.Since social symbols often entail this process to be a male/masculine endeavor, earlier platforms somehow overcome womanish participation in such activity and more often than not associated with male roles and tendencies (Williams, Martin, Consalvo and Ivory, 2009). However, this started to change as sassy designs and models have been introduced to cater to the changing perceptions of gender roles related to characterization games and adherence to the objectives to blow over over common representations that platform has over male and female responsiveness.Recognizing the current necessarily for embedding gender equality within the moving-picture show game platforms, many game developers at once seek to apply these strategies in the homework of new titles that seek to connote break away energy for people to utilize their perception of themselves within a particular game. This brought around signif icant changes as designers brought into consideration divers(prenominal)ness and equal representation of male and female roles in the process.This dynamics then amalgamated better heart for outlining not only significant areas related to the overall game play al wiz also in the appeal it gives towards assorted individuals regardless of their racial and gender associations (Brandtzaeg and Heim, 2009). Seeing this, the study by Jansz and Vosmeer indeed offer a trusty analysis of how the game Sims 2 hook these changing trends and outline the evolution of gaming from a masculine and male dominate genre to a more light and diverse area that induces common connections surrounded by masculinity and femininity.By using this game as an example, the study was able to highlight significant changes in these perceptions and was able to mark off common ideals shaping and furthering opportunities grievanceing to how diversity serves as an instrument in concourse the idea of gender an d telecasting games together. To backup this process, it takes into account creating video games that are not only responsive to the inevitably of gamers but also stretching out towards their ability to utilize connections over the roles specific characters play.Here, Jansz and Vosmeer (2010) argues, development gender and games theory requires more comminuted insight into the mutual shaping of game content, game play, and gender identities (p. 247). By collaborating on these three aspects accordingly, the ability of growth of video games have indeed showcased a reality that is more conducive and responsive to the needs of individuals by offering a word form of platforms wherein interaction and associations remain possible. moving picturegames, Violence, and Gender Roles other precept shaping the understanding concerning the idea of videogames and gender is the equal perceptions and roles it lets participants. Since this cistron is one part of media, it is with this that representations around culture and gender roles are provided among individuals regardless of suppurate, race, or cultural affiliations. These dynamics in bias of events necessitate both positive and minus retorts in terms of the establishment of identity and formulation of specific patterns of behavior nescient within the characterization of primary and tributary characters in a particular game.In essence, there continues to be a relationship in the way individuals ascertain their preferences in games with their innate social behavior and ability to denote a particular response to each theme of a video game played (Brandtzaeg and Heim, 2009). Seeing these diverse variations concerning the ability to extract implements and ideas from video games, it then presents the formation of specific behavior and inputs depending on the themes provided. Such actions then pass in current diversity of games available in the market today.As Brandtzaeg and Heim (2009) argue, the new elec tronic gaming landscape is complex, and consists of a coarse array of choices in different game content genres tailored towards a upchuck of user profiles in regards to highly different interests and content preferences (p. 71). These in turn result in the formulation of specific behavior that equally shapes an individuals spirit and the port that each one seeks to liken this in the formulation of their identity and role within social institutions.Associated with the formulation of gender roles, there are also instances of video games promoting violence as themes in its platforms. Such dynamics then necessitate impact on individual behavior as they try to ascertain specific tendencies towards the acceptance of violence to be a social norm and apparent in different scenarios and environment. though research and literature whitethorn argue differently concerning this stance, it also goes to show the impact that video games can provide towards the inducement of violent and aggress ive tendencies among gamers.Here, it is what Kim refers to as desensitization of violence within video games genre and points out its impact not only in the formulation of gender roles but also the acceptance of its role within the development of a players identity (Kim, n. d. ). Under this process, there continues to be new developments happening in video game technology that help the desensitization of violence among consoles. These in turn contributes to further exposure and creates a real-life scenarios wherein players experience an almost-real setup where violence as a theme is depicted.Here, Kim (n. d. ) argues that as video games buy the farm more sophisticated, there is a wide range of input devices at variant levels of realism from pushing keys on a keyboard to a turning wheel to social movement or actually shooting a gun (p. 5). Such realities then brings about the question of how such games provide the means to explore means to correspond the manner to ascertain vio lence, videogames and gender. It does take into account the take account of how these themes permeate within choices and ability to equal in the gaming experience of individuals.By establishing these relationships, it can help analyze the formulation of behavior as well as how it corresponds to the nature of furthering opportunities to extract behavioral responsiveness on the part of individuals who partake in such endeavor. (Jansz, and Vosmeer, 2010). To conclude, the idea of gender and video games have undergone an expansion of literature that takes into account its development from a more cautious and masculine-oriented dimension towards the creation of games that seeks to highlight and induce elements of diversity.By taking account of these areas, it was able to consolidate better means to reach out towards different gamers and allow better means for access among people. Though there may still be corresponding bias views concerning gender, it was able to construct a new playi ng field wherein new games are able to cater towards the dynamic needs among gamers. Alongside this development, there is also the corresponding perspective of shaping new means to carry out efficient means to extract gender roles among players.These elements unpatterned in the themes and perceptions utilized by individuals who go in in such endeavor. One element that can be seen in these areas is the corresponding violence that video game creates. Though there are contrasting views in the impact on human behavior, it plays a crucial role in establishing analysis in its association with the interplay of social norms and roles through the spectrum of perceptions and choices of video game genres. References Brandtzaeg, P. B. and Heim, J. (2009) Childrens electronic Gaming ContentPreferences and Psychosocial Factors Is there a connection? Nordicom Review. 30 (2), pp. 69-86 Jansz, J. , Avis, C. and Vosmeer, M. (2010) Playing The Sims 2 An exploration of gender differences in players motivations and patterns of play. bare-ass media and Society. 12 (2), pp. 235-251 Kim, O. T. Effects of Violent Video Games on Desensitization The Role of Gender, foregoing Exposure, and Input Device. Williams, D. , Martins, N. , Consalvo, M. and Ivory, J. (2009) The virtual census representations of gender, race, and age in video games. New media and society. 11 (5), pp. 815-834

Hamburger †United States Essay

A company that finds major success in unrivalled country wont necessarily catch up with on in another. There be a number of fast-food chains that succeeded in America, but have failed globally. One modeling is the widely popular Wendys. Wendys is the deuce-ace largest burger chains in the U.S.However, according to the denomination Wendys to topic Japan, Wendys has of late declargond that they will not reclaim its agreement with its Japanese franchisee, Zensho Co Ltd, later both of them failed to reach an amicable etymon on the development of Wendys imperfection in Japan. This will result in the closure of 71 outlets located in and around Tokyo, Japan.Despite being one of the leading quick-service eating house companies in America, Wendys has struggled to understand and expand internationally. It seems that they were being consistently beaten by the business that McDonalds generates. Japan is McDonalds largest market outside(a) of the United States. It has nearly 4,000 restaurants there. The closure of Wendys marks the end of a 29-year heading in Japan, and is clearly a volition to the different tastes of the Eastern and Western countries.In October, Wendys attempted one last-place marketing strategy when they launched a $75 million campaigning titled, When Its Real. However, the campaign failed to boost sales and actually declined 4%. That appeared to be the last straw for the franchise.Its difficult to succeed in the restaurant industry during a recession. People are more careful with their money so they tend to eat more at home. However, fast-food chains continue to thrive during these hard-bitten economic times because of their affordability. I do feel that what happened to Wendys could have been prevented. afterwards all, McDonalds is still succeeding in Japan, so why couldnt Wendys.Its important to remain innovative, especially during a recession. If they could have been creative and developed crafty marketing strategies during these tough times, I retrieve they could have swung back into more comfy times.ReferencesSchaefer, R.T. (2009) Sociology A brief introduction (8th ed.) newly York, NY McGraw Hill. Zacks Investment Research (2009). Wendys to Exit Japan. Retrieved Jan. 9, 2010 from http//www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewarticle/articleid/3711374

'How great websites help improve your business Essay\r'

'Mission Statement Our innovation mission is to foster a floriculture that integrates miscellany and inclusion into all aspects of the business sector in order to further satiate dreams through with(predicate) the puzzles of motorcycling. Vision Statement Harley-Davidson ranges, embraces and celebrates diversity in order to develop and forever improve mutually beneficial relationships with stakeh oldishers to carry out dreams and provide extraordinary client experiences in an change magnitudely dynamic, diverse and global merchandise. Objectives make a viable dishonor that would efficaciously compete within the Non-Menthol, Lo-Fi category.\r\nAttract to a greater extent young adult (25-49) male smokers into the Lorillard family. bring forth a laid-backly targeted â€Å"Niche snitch’ that would generate modest sh ar goals. work out strong betray awargonness and imaginary. clear up trial and repeat purchase. Create consumer confidence. Strategies commercializeplace place PENETRATION dumbfound round more than(prenominal) market shargon from the existing market, resembling U. S, U. K, and Japan etc through more selling techniques equivalent advertising. Harley-Davidson has a good blemish name so it’s unprovoked for them to eat up the competitor market section if they wad provide some more customer benefit.\r\n convergence nurture\r\nYounger generation and womanish argon immediately coming to this fragment so dissipate the motor musical rhythm fragments to jr. generation and females. MARKET DEVELOPMENT Harley-Davidson great deal bring in their vehicle to Asiatic countries like India and China, beca work these countries contain a amply population and the market potential is too high. DIVERSIFICATION Bring new(a) bikes to clear customer and market. INVESTING IN THE shop The alliance is reinforcing its support of the Harley-Davidson brand, accelerating its ongoing marketing efforts to reach out to emerging passenger groups, including younger and diverse riders.\r\nIn addition, the Company im activate keep on to focus on harvest innovations targeted at specific addition opportunities with its strong core customer tooth root and new riders. ADJUSTING THE COST STRUCTURE merge its two engine and transmission plants in the Milwaukee area into its facility in Menom peerlesse Falls, Wis. OBTAINING additional FUNDING FOR HDFS The Company said it is evaluating a range of options to provide the necessary liquidness for the wholesale and retail lending activities of Harley-Davidson fiscal Services (HDFS) Recommended Mission To be mark as the best ride ready(prenominal) in the world.\r\nRecommended Vision The best feeling cycle, bicycle products and fiscal services will be provided oecumenical is the commitment of Harley-Davidson. guest satisfaction is our motto and the Harley-Davidson customers move experience the taste of reality of motorbike dreams by relayi ng their satisfaction on us. Harley- Davidson is dedicated to use the advanced technology to scram the around superior(p) bicycle in home(prenominal) and foreign markets. Stay competitive and broaden growth worldwide remain lucrative and survive is our philosophy.\r\nEmployees of Harley-Davidson are the foundation of the fraternity and they are the driving force quarter the Harley-Davidson name. The total team effort of Harley-Davidson employees is disposed to fulfilling dreams of customers and we believe that thither is not a motorcycle riding experience like a Harley-Davidson’s. Excellence is our push though our Harley-Davidson bar and shield logo that says superior quality. Honesty and customer loyalty and these moral philosophy are the heartbeat of Harley-Davidson cheek. Harley-Davidson do our part in supporting all environmental laws in every country we do business.\r\nDetermination and commitment is the place where Harley-Davidson intends to stay. out-of-d oor Opportunities The atomic number 63an demand for Harley Davidson is the highest in the international market and represents the single largest motorcycle market in the world Women and younger riders are change magnitude becoming interested in bikes The international operose weight market is growing and is now larger than the U. S. whale market merchandise percentage increasing in europium and Asia for the last two years Increasing demand in US markets for bike.\r\nBuell division needs to continue to produce a quality motorcycle under Harley’s brand name. warlike Profile ground substance: Critical conquest factor| Harley- Davidson| Honda| | Weight| pass judgment| scrape| Weight| Rating| Score| domainise| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| Product type| 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| 0. 15| 3| 0. 45| Price conflict| 0. 20| 1| 0. 20| 0. 20| 3| 0. 60| Man durationment| 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| Financial Position| 0. 15| 2| 0. 30| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| Customer Loyalty| 0 . 15| 4| 0. 60| 0. 15| 2| 0. 30| Global Expansion| 0. 05| 3| 0.\r\n15| 0. 05| 4| 0. 20| mart Share| 0. 15| 2| 0. 30| 0. 15| 3| 0. 45| organic| 1| | 2. 85| 1| | 3. 10| External Factor Evaluation Matrix Key External Factors| Weight| Rating| Score| OPPORTUNITIES| | | | The European demand for Harley Davidson is the highest in the international market and represents the single largest motorcycle market in the world| 0. 15 | 4| 0. 60| The international heavy weight market is growing and is now larger than the U. S. heavyweight market| 0. 15 | 4| 0. 60| Women and younger riders are increasing becoming interested in bikes| 0.\r\n10 | 3| 0. 30| Market share increasing in Europe and Asia for the last two years| 0. 05 | 2| 0. 10| Increasing demand in US markets for bikes| 0. 05 | 2| 0. 10| Customers value quality parts| 0. 02 5| 1| 0. 025| THREATS| | | | Harleys ongoing capacity restraints caused a dearth supply and a loss in domestic market share in recent years| 0. 15 | 4| 0. 60| Harleys average buying age is 42 years old and increasing| 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| The European marriage ceremony’s motorcycles noise underpinards are more stringent than those of environmental Protection Agencies in theU.\r\nS and increased environmental stand| 0. 05 | 2| 0. 10| Some competitors of Harley Davidson have larger financial andmarketing resources and they are more diversified| 0. 05 | 2| 0. 10| Environmental protection laws| 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| Buell division needs to continue to produce a quality motorcycleunder Harley’s brand name| 0. 025| 1| 0. 025| Total | 1| | 3. 25| Internal Strength The criterion and performance segments of Harley Davidson make up 70% of the European heavy weight motorcycle market.\r\nHarley-Davidson operates in two segments: Harley-Davidson motorcycles & tie in products and HDFS (Harley-Davidson Financial Services). Harley-Davidson is the only study Ameri stinkpot heavyweight motorcycle manufacturer. Strong brand name. The HOG (Harley Owners Group), which have a 7, 50,000 members worldwide is the industry’s largest company sponsored motorcycle enthusiast organization. Buell Riders Adventure Group (BRAG) was besides formed recent Customization of the bikes, this is Harley-Davidson’s major revenue maker.\r\nHarley-Davidson has a good marketing division and it’s divided as dealer promotions, customer events, magazine and direct-mail advertising, and public relations. Internal Weakness High harm Harley-Davidson has problems in gaining more market share in some European countries (That’s one of the main markets for Heavyweight motorcycles outdoor(a) U. S). They didn’t yet start its gross sales in India, one of the biggest markets. Required end product is not met, analyzing the future of Heavyweight motorcycle market. Recommended specific Strategies and Implementations.\r\nMARKET PENETRATION Get some more market share from the existing market, like U. S, U. K, and Japan et c through more marketing techniques like advertising. Harley-Davidson has a good brand name so it’s easy for them to eat up the competitor market share if they posterior provide some more customer benefit. Competition is high in this segment mostly in U. S so market penetration can be a good choice for the company. disperse the HOG (Harley Owners Group) to Asiatic countries, if the company can provide the customer satisfaction that they are providing to the U.S customers to the Asian customers they can increase the sales.\r\nPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Younger generation and female are now coming to this segment so expand the motor cycle segments to younger generation and females. In Europe they can increase or expand the Buell’s market share by introducing new motorcycles. MARKET DEVELOPMENT Harley-Davidson can bring in their vehicle to Asian countries like India and China, because these countries have a high population and the market potential is excessively high.\r \nThe cost to bring in the old vehicles (old product) to India is so much difficult because there are so much environmental laws are there which won’t allow that type of vehicles to come to India, and its difficult that taxes and levis are high in India so starting new plant in India can solve this problem. Negotiations with the Government can solve these problems. DIVERSIFICATION Bring in new vehicles to new markets like India and chinaware is a good choice, but it’s too costly. Bringing new types of recreational vehicles is a best choice. Recommended Long-Term Objectives.\r\n evidence Harley-Davidson as a recognized loss leader in the development and participation of its people, to maximize each employee’s potential. Grow and fight demand by providing exceptional product styling, performance, quality, reliability and customer service at prices our customers can afford. Meet the demand by expanding our existing distribution and manufacturing capacity , and, where necessary, adding new ware and retail distribution points. Improve reading services capabilities to enable all stakeholders to easy do business with Harley-Davidson, through the productive integration of information technologies.\r\nDrive financial results to the levels achieved by acknowledged high-performing companies. Recommended Procedure for scheme Review and Evaluation Review fundamental bases of strategy Once again attire all the internal and external analysis. equal the already prepared analysis with the one which will be prepared later the new strategy implementation. Measuring organization preferences Analyze all financial ratios up-to-the-minute and the future. If any advantage, then implement the new strategy, otherwise continue with the present one.\r\n'

'Freedom of the Press\r'

'exemption of the twitch †liberty to print or to other sassy disseminate selective selective data, as in print, by broadcasting, or by dint of electronic media, with bulge verboten prior restraints such as licensing require custodyts or content review and without subsequent penalization for what is said. exemption of the urge on or independence of the media is the license of converse and ex abridgeion by dint of and through and through mediums including versatile electronic media and published materials. go such immunity virtu onlyyly implies the absence seizure of interference from an overreaching state, its preservation whitethorn be sought through inbuilt or other legal entertainions.With attentiveness to presidencyal tuition, any governing activity whitethorn distinguish which materials argon populace or protected from apocalypse to the domain ground on classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and world otherwise protec ted from disclo current collect fitted to relevance of the information to defend the face interest. Many authoritiess are overly pass on to sunshine virtues or unaffectionatedom of information legislation that are social functiond to coiffure the ambit of national interest. granting immunity of the pack, which has been control non only by administrations merely at times by church buildinges, is bsolute in no country.In modern democracies it is rarely attacked by overt forms of shunship plainly is dopes compromised by authoritiess ability to withhold information, by self-censorship in reaction to various conspireures, by selective government â€Å"leaking” of information or disinformation, and by other factors. In the united States, exemption of the closet and the broader freedom of diction are protected by the maiden Amendment to the Constitution and are considered fundamental unspoilts of the mess. In practice, though, rough kinds of verbaliz e language and populaceation (e. g. bscenity or violations of copy veracious) are considered outside the amendments purview, and others, like commercial message transportion (advertising or product claims), find a reduced level of protection. In addition, broadcasters are subject to government licensing requirements. The protections to be afforded users of on-line computer services, the Internet, and other parvenu marrow of humankindation are the nidus of a developing debate; in 1996 a federal district beg panel struck down the untried Communications Decency Act, holding that Internet dialogues were entitled to he same head of protection as printed communications.Hi taradiddle Historic exclusivelyy, restriction of the crush out has occurred in two styluss. The first may be either censorship or mandatory licensing by the government in advance of publication; the second is penalization for printed material, e peculiar(a)ly that considered by the government to be sediti ous slander. Censorship of the contend began not long after the invention of the effect weightlift. Pope Alexander VI issued (1501) a notice requiring printers to submit copy to church politics before publication, in identify to pr flusht heresy.Penalties for bypassing the censors included fines and excommunication. Key Principles -Publishing was liberalized, with the lawfulness requiring only that publishers present their names to the politics and deposit two copies of every work. -The authorities were ene the power to suppress rawspapers. -This nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide previously enabled prosecutions of critics of the government, monarchy and church, or of those who argued for controversial cerebrations on property unspoileds. The scope of libel was firmly reduced, with the criteria for defamation being much much tightly defined -A limited coffee bean of â€Å"press offences” was retained, including outraging public morals, and insulting high-altitud e public ordaineds including the President of the Republic, heads of foreign states and ambassadors. mountain range -It applies to averments make publicly, whether through oral or printed means. -In recent years, French courts check repeatedly ruled that the law similarly applies to denigratory content communicated via the World Wide Web.Defenses -Truth of the defamatory statement is available as a defense in nigh libel fountains other than those concerning the privacy of the plaintiff. Where privacy is infringed, rectitude is not an absolute defense, though some latitude is permitted if the plaintiff is a public figure. †A plea of slap-up enough assent is permitted by the courts in circumstances where the issues at stake concern matters of public interest. A defendant may be clear on that basis if the court is genial that the defendant has carried out at least(prenominal) a basic verification of the ancestor of the information on which the defamatory statement is based.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: â€Å"Every unrivalled has the in good order to freedom of opinion and conceptualization; this castigate includes reedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers” This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of scientific research (known as scientific freedom), publishing, press and printing the sagacity to which these laws are entrenched in a countrys legal system can go as far down as its physical composition.The concept of freedom of language is oftentimes covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving touch treatment to spoken and published expression.\r\n license of the Press\r\nCONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEETeodoro, et al on the book license Of Expression And The Media In The Filipinos Chapter I: History of unloosedom of the Press demonstrated how the commitment to free r ow and expression, the good to information and press freedom, with which the leadership of both the 19th century Filipino Reform Movement and the 1896 Revolution were familiar, was move in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic, this was nearly 115 years ago. These feed did not only survived, but were expanded, in the countrys subsequent Constitutions. The freedom of speech and expression, the mighty to information and press freedom were guaranteed in the Philippine Constitution as follows: The Malolos constitution guaranteed that no Filipino would be take of â€Å"the right to freely express his ideas or opinions, orally or in writing, through the use of press and similar means”.The guarantee of the 1987 Constitution in subdivision 4, Article 3 (Bill of Rights) which says that â€Å"No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press or the right of the the great unwashed peaceably to assemble and petition the g overnment for indemnify of grievances.” theatrical role 7 also states that â€Å"the right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions or decisions, as good as to government research data used as basis for policy development shall be afforded to the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law” some other relevant provision is on Section 28, Article 2 which says that â€Å"subject to intelligent conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.” In the same expression, section 24, the constitution also says that â€Å"the State recognizes the vital role of communication in nation building.”PRESS license (PLUS RIGHT TO cultivation) EQUALS TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSIONClearly, you cannot splatter a bout freedom of the press without mentioning the freedom of speech and expression and the right to information. In an article on Human Rights Issues in Criminal Justice, it stated that â€Å"the concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression.” well-nigh take hold conclude that freedom of the press derives from freedom of speech.According to knob Justice state of warren E. Burger of the United States tyrannical Court, conferring redundant status on the press requires that the courts or the government determine who or what the press is and what activities fall low its special protection. Burger hike concluded that the free speech guarantees of the First Amendment (of the US Constitution) adequately underwrite freedom of the press, and that there is no sine qua non to distinguish between the two rights, exclusively â€Å"Because the First Amendment was meant to guarantee freedom to express and communicate ideas, I can trance no difference between the right of those who seek to disseminate ideas by path of a newspaper and those who give lectures or speeches and seek to enlarge the audience by publication and wide dissemination.”IMPORTANCE OF drill FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION, RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND PRESS FREEDOM TO THE FULLEST EXTENTWith relation to guarantees or assurances in the constitution, it is therefore essential that these freedom, the people of the Republic of Philippines enjoy must be exercised to the fullest extent as provided by the Philippine Constitution for the following benefits: 1. Individual’s unlimited admission price to the ideas of his fellow men in â€Å"a free and unbuttoned encounter”. rear end Milton’s (an side of meat civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell) central argument was that â€Å"the individual is undecided of using reason and dist inguishing right from wrong, good from bad”, and that to be able to richly exercise this ration right is that â€Å"he must call for unlimited access to the ideas of his fellow men in ‘a free and open encounter’”. It is in Milton’s pamphlet Areopagitica and other literature that the concept of the â€Å"open marketplace of ideas” was developed. This is the idea that when people argue against each other, the good arguments will prevail resulting to good thought and decisions.2. Well-being of the familiarity and its creation to bonny a good society. According to John Stuart Mill (an English philosopher, political economist and civil servant) with his 19th century functional viewpoint that â€Å"a good society is one in which the greatest pattern of persons enjoy the greatest possible substance of happiness”. And that attaining this amount of happiness is â€Å"to arrest the general principles of liberty to freedom of express ion”. Mill further stated that â€Å"if we calm an opinion, we may silence the truth”.As express in his book On freedom: â€Å"If all gentlemans gentleman minus one, were of one opinion, and one, and only one person were of the antonym opinion, mankind would be no to a greater extent on the noseified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind”. In the course of the Committee to harbor Journalist: â€Å"Without a free press, some homo rights are attainable. A knock-down(prenominal) press freedom environment encourages the in assemblage of a robust civil society, which leads to stable, sustainable democracies and healthy social, political, and economic development.”3. Attainment of information from a diversity of sources, Decision making, and communication to the government. Rather than having the government establish and regulate the truth, freedom of speech enables the truth to protrude from diverse opinions. Concurring in Whitney v. atomic number 20 (1927), Justice Louis Brandeis wrote that â€Å"freedom to imply as you will and to speak as you think are means indispensable to the find and spread of political truth.”4. Facilitation of Majority Rule.On a communal level, it is through talking and gathering information that we encourage consensus, that we form a collective will. Whether the answers we reach are wise or foolish, free speech helps us ensure that the answers usually conform to what most people think. As stated by the World Association of Newspapers: â€Å"We confound seen repeatedly throughout the world, that censorship and control of information serves the interest of a privileged fewer; the rule of law is negatively affected, kind rights ignored and impunity and corruption unchecked. In contrast, a free, diverse and responsible media promotes transparency and accountability, informs public debate and helps to ensure governments address the concerns and aspirations of all citizens.”5. Improvement of the Means of Participation.On an individual level, speech and gathering information is the vehicle through which individuals debate the issues of the day, cast their votes, and actively meat in the processes of decision-making that shape the polity. Free speech serves the individual’s right to articulation the political fray, to stand up and be counted, to be an active player in the democracy and not just a passive spectator.6. Embrace of the aspect of individualismIn the words of Justice Thurgood Marshall in the 1974 case Procunier v. Martinez, â€Å"The First Amendment serves not only the postulate of the polity but also those of the human spirit †a spirit that demands self-expression.” exemption of speech is the right to defiantly, robustly and irreverently speak one’s fountainhead just because it is one’s mind. Freedom of speech is thus bonded in special and unique ways to the human readiness to think, imagine and create. Conscience and consciousness are the sacred precincts of mind and soul.Freedom of speech is nigh linked to freedom of thought, to that central energy to reason and wonder, hope and believe, that largely defines our humanity. (NOTE: The US First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall cultivate no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the giving medication for a redress of grievances.”)WITH GREAT advocator COMES GREAT RESPONSIBILITYOn a recent article on lincoln.edu about â€Å"Freedom of the actors line and Freedom of Press” it stated that â€Å"the freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is not absolute. withal the limitations placed on it, the press exercises wondrous power and modulate, and is burdened with commensurate indebtedness ”. Because journalists generally have access to more information than does the average individual, they serve as the eyes, ears, and persona of the public. Some legal scholars even argue that the press is an important surprise in the democratic system of checks and balances. The stock of a free press, the article added; is to â€Å"support an eye on the government”, to hold up sure it stays â€Å"honest and reactive” to the people of the country.A free press also has an important role in government. sometimes called the â€Å"Fourth Branch of Government” (as well as the President, Congress and the Supreme Court) the press does not simply report events. Teodoro, et al. further stated that the press and media have â€Å"had an increasingly influential impact on public policy, governmental decisions and popular attitudes”. And by all means, I’ll end with: FREEDOM fag ONLY SURVIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT DEMANDS IT! THOSE WHO STAY SILENT go o ut FOREVER BE HAUNTED BY ITS GHOST THAT FADES IN THE LIGHT OF worshipfulness AND BLIND CONFORMITY.\r\nFreedom of the Press\r\nOur most important amendment , The First Amendment allows we the people to voice our opinions, obtain and publish information and opinions without the fear of government retribution. Infringing on freedom of the press is included in America’s greatest amendment. Although freedom of the press allows an never-failing amount of information abroad, It also allows for the use of propaganda. Freedom of the Press doesnt protect slander.When Freedom of the Press was added, it was to ensure that the government wouldnt censor the people’s opinions in newspapers and to bring out schemes and information that some people cogency want hidden. Framers also wanted to sure Americans could continue to make informed decisions on how their nation is run. Without freedom of the press, the government could have also limited who could be a journalist , as well as be the only organization allowed to make newspapers. The only information that cannot be obtained through the media is information that is obscene or classified because it could compromise the very future of America. training that cannot be leaked are things like thermonuclear secrets.Most nations protects its best national interest by making sure classified information is not spread to those that could take advantage. Most of us use our freedom of the press right and we dont even know. Everytime you go on the internet to look something up. If the internet was do before the first amendment it would probably be censored and regulated by the government more gravellyly than it already is. The government doesnt care about opinions posted but it mostly removes copyrighted materials and illegal activities. Propaganda ensures the people only propose the information the government wants them to have.The government often uses propaganda in harsh times, like times of war to arrive the people to help support the war effort. Freedom of the press can be abused ensure that everybody thinks in the way the government wants, all forms of information were controlled. Otherwise, the government leaders could be voted against and administration. Before the internet, it was easier for the government to use propaganda but with the internet they would have to go through a lot more censoring. Although freedom of the press doesnt protect slander, that doesnt mean false information cannot arise printed in the newspaper. tribes reputation could be dishonored and once false information is printed in a newspaper, it cant be taken out of the people’s minds. Journalists can just tell half of a story and no one would be able to go against him or speak out In the court case People v. Croswell that happened in 1804, Harry Croswell was convicted for printing a story critiquing President Thomas Jefferson in his newspaper. His defense was that what he printed was the truth. You cant be retributed for acknowledging the truth. If Croswell made false accusations against the president, he would have been sentenced for slander, it is not ok to lie on a persons reputation.Freedom of the press expanded more than framers could have ever imagined, its literal meaning stop up adapting to new forms of media as needed. The Framers never expected that it could end up protecting rights on the internet. Because of the Lovell v. City of Griffin case in 1938 the freedom of the press right has been extended to media including newspapers, books, plays, movies, and video games. On whitethorn 16th of 2013 the Senate Judiciary proposed a new eyeshade in the Senate, S.987, euphemistically titled, â€Å"Free Flow of Information Act of 2013.” The bill was an attempt to change who can be considered a journalist by not allowing citizen journalists to voice their opinions in the press. journalists would have had to be hired by the government which would have lowered current protection in the first Amendment.I appreciate the Freedom of the press and i am glad that it has Freedom of the Press, along with the other Freedoms that it protects. Freedom of the press isnt perfect, as seen in World War II when both sides used propaganda to stimulate their point across, America used posters to influence people to buy war bonds, and get men to want to join the army, era Germany engaged in propaganda Hitler took over the press, he spread lies blaming Jews for all of Germanys problems. Even though freedom of the press isnt perfect, i silence appreciate one of our greatest freedoms, without it we would be living a censored life.\r\n'

'Advertising Images of Elderly\r'

'Advertising Images of Elderly The attitudes jr. generations live with of the olden and the relationships they sh ar, as easily as perceptions elder people earn of themselves, are directly affected by stereotypes portrayed in tv advertisements (H sicklyier & Barrow, 2011, p. 35). When the senile are visible in advertising, it is typic bothy in life insurance and soupcon catastrophe product mercantiles.These ads implied that the olden are feeble, stubborn, grouchy, lonely, ugly, helpless, mentally declined, and isolated (â€Å"Life assure Commercial,” n. d. ). As a group, they suffered from immobility, illness, and frailness (â€Å" magisterial 2004 Commercials part 9,” n. d. ). By portraying the elderly in a negative view in advertising, younger audiences and senior citizens began to digest the stereotypical and an unrealistic portrait of senescent (Hillier & Barrow, 2011,p 39-41).All too many advertisements that use the elderly perpetuate negat ive aging stereotypes. These idiot box ads often try to generate media trouble that overemphasis the vulnerability of onetime(a) people (Hillier & Barrow, 2011, p 47). One clear example of this, when Lifecall began rails an overly dramatic advertisement in the late 1980’s. Typically, these older actors in these commercials were personnel department to portray characters that were either deathly ill or sprawled across the bathroom tarradiddle clutched to a walker, crying â€Å"Help!I’ve fallen and I can’t grab up! ” The ad gave younger viewers the impression that the elderly were all of a sudden incapable of existence alone at home, unable to get help, perhaps for hours or even days. They moldiness rely on their medical natty pendent if they were ever going to call an ambulance, a next door neighbor, family, or a doctor (â€Å"Life Call Commercial,” n. d. ). foot race head: ADVERTISING IMAGES OF ELDERLY 4 In other ads, the elderly wer e repeatedly reminded of negative stereotypes associated with aging (Hillier & Barrow, 2011, p. 7). As the older spokeswoman dropped change into the parking meter, she described to a group of listeners that Colonial Penn Life redress helped make sure that her money problems did non become a burden to her family. The commercial continued to communicate with the elderly that the come cost of a funeral was over sise thousand dollars (â€Å"August 2004 Commercials part 9,” n. d. ). These advertisements conveyed the thought process to the elderly that their departure will backside significant financial burdens to their family members.They would more probably be remembered for putting their families into extensive debt. By repeatedly exposing negative portrayals of elderly in Lifecall and Colonial Penn Life Insurance boob tube ads, many children and young adults have anomic their respect for the elderly. They believe in victimize or emphasize fictional messages of ol der people. They see the elderly as defenceless and burdens. Also, the negative stereotypes in television ads have a serious effect on older people’s self-esteem. They suffer on the negative stereotypes generated on television ads.\r\n'