The Effects Of Technology On Students Attitudes Education...

Technology Has Positive Effects On Students Attitudes Education Technology has evolved and grown rapidly. This is the reason why technology plays a major role in modern life that affects all the aspect of human activities. Therefore, our societies get a lot of benefits from modern technology. Universities and colleges for example have so many facilities. Such as labs with sophisticated computer devices, internet connections with high speed, projectors and smart boards. Using these developed tools can help students in many ways; First, educational technology has a significant positive impact on achievement in all subject areas, across all levels of school, and in regular classrooms as well as those for special-needs students. Second, educational technology has positive effects on student s attitudes. Third, the degree of effectiveness is influenced by the student population, the instructional design, the teacher s role, how students are grouped, and the levels of student access to technology. Four, technology makes instruction more student-centere d, encourages cooperative learning, and stimulated increased teacher/student interaction. Fifth, positive changes in the learning environment evolve over time and do not occur quickly. These facilities may help students master their subjects, save time, and stay in touch with the new world. First of all, implementation of technology in the classroom impacts how well the students progress and improve academically. Technology hasShow MoreRelatedTeaching Methods Academic Achievement And Influence Attitudes911 Words   |  4 Pagesteaching methods academic achievement and influence attitudes. Unpublished master s thesis, Atatà ¼rk ÃÅ"niversity, Erzurum. Alhileh Nofal (2007). The effect of the web quest strategy on improving the critical thinking and achievement of educational sciences faculty (UNRWA) Students’ in the teaching of thinking course. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 37(2), 161-175. Auditor, E., Roleda, L. (2014). The WebQuest: Its impact on students’ critical thinking, performance, and perceptionsRead MoreThe Belief And Attitude Toward New Technology978 Words   |  4 PagesBelief and attitude toward new technology Previous research demonstrates that a teacher’s teaching philosophy, attitude toward new technology and teaching style will affect the effectiveness of technology integration in education (Demetriadis et al., 2003). Among potential influential factors, teachers’ attitude is one of the critical variables discriminating the successful technology integration and the unsuccessful one. With same teaching level, teachers holding a more positive attitude toward theRead MoreThe American Education System930 Words   |  4 Pagesfactor in successful or unsuccessful technology implementation. Historically, the structure of the American education system has been resistant to any kind of change (Collins Halverson, 2009). According to Blackwell, Lauricella, and Wartella (2014) teachers with more teaching experience have less favorable attitudes towards technology and use technology less often than teachers with less experience. Districts are making efforts to provide technology for students. The problem that McDermott andRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Schools1376 Words   |  6 Pageswe go further into the digital age, the role that technology plays in our lives will be constantly increasing. We can already see the reach that technology has, as it is making its way into our classrooms now more than ever. Is this integration beneficial, constricting or simply nothing at all? There are a lot of different factors such as learning and teaching styles, effects on student learning, and aptitude. It is safe to assume that if technology is involved, it will be a step in the right directionRead MoreThe Impact Of Ict On Pupils Achievement And Attitudes1258 Words   |  6 PagesCener, E. et. al. (2015), â€Å"The Impact of ICT on Pupils’ Achievement and Attitudes in Social Studies. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of teaching social studies with the help of CT on pupils’ achievement in social studies. A history, geography and culture oriented theme was selected from the social studies curriculum for the research, Turks on the Silk Road. Method: A multimedia CD, documentaries, PowerPoint and so on were used to teach social studies to 6th gradersRead MoreHealth Care, Different Types Of Data, Information, And Knowledge Of Nurses981 Words   |  4 Pagesassumes a responsibility to implement and evaluate these technological advances. With many issues surrounding informatics in health care, the nursing student must identify what influences informatics has in nursing; what changes informatics has on health care and what role nursing plays in those changes; and what responsibility the nursing student has regarding informatics. Influence of Informatics in Nursing All nurses utilize information skills in their practice. The influence of informatics inRead MoreTechnology And Learning : Enabling Or Subverting1362 Words   |  6 PagesTopic Technology and Learning: Enabling or Subverting, Chapter 12 Analysis of Required Reading Position 1: Technology Enables Learning As we employ new technological tools, our views about technology itself change. Advances are being made in areas such as solar energy, radio, television microwave, medical imaging, satellite communication, and laser surgery and our children need to be able to keep up with these and other technological advances now and in the future. After all, technological knowledgeRead MoreTechnology Is Not Good For Students1623 Words   |  7 Pagestodays society technology is becoming more popular in our school systems, and even in our workforce. Many people may argue that technology is not good for students, but I disagree. Technology in the classroom is very important for students not only for their social, or learning lives but also when they get into the workforce. If students learn technology in their early years they will not have a difficult time when they enter the workforce to find that there is a lot of technology being used. SinceRead MoreOnline Education : The Final Milestone Of American Culture1437 Words   |  6 Pagesmust prepare them for the real life. In many unprivileged societies, going to class on a campus may not be a luxury they can afford. That’s where online education comes in as an exciting alternative. Colleges and universities should offer more fully online courses because it can benefit tech savvy students, busy scheduled students, and students with physical or social disorders. Online courses are stress-free and with online tools it is much easier to learn at their pace. Whether they have to workRead MoreThe Relationship Between Social Media And Elearning1541 Words   |  7 PagesCase of UK university students Introduction Interactions, communication and sharing have been extensive in today’s globalized world. This includes the circulation of billions and millions of messages, photos, videos and other contents in various social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube (Bullas, 2012). In here, collaboration and teamwork as well as critical thinking are seen to significantly contribute towards proliferation of virtual learning and technology use. For this reason

Holocaust the Japanese-American Internment - 1195 Words

Humanity. It is disconcerting to think about what we the humans have done to our own race. All because we believe in trying to find a difference such as our ethnicity, intellect, or looks to try to find how we are better than some. Hitler did this to the Jews as he wanted the world to have the Aryan race with the Holocaust, and America did this to the Japanese during the Japanese internment. The Holocaust and the Japanese internment are very different from one another yet they are both very similar to each other. The Holocaust was the systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups deemed inferior by the Nazis. The Holocaust began when Adolf Hitler, the fascist leader of Germany that would lead the world into World War II. He and†¦show more content†¦Everyone that even looked to be Japanese would be mistrusted and be labeled as â€Å"the enemy.† On February 19, 1942 President Roosevelt issued an executive order which rounded up every Japanese person that lived in the US as they were seen to be threats to the nation. Many endured names such as being called an â€Å"alien.† In March, the government shipped the Japanese to relocation camps where they were sure to be not in contact with the enemy. Any former possession that the internees might had had were usually gone shortly afterwards as their lands would be repressed. Despite the fact that most of these Japanese were Nisei, native-born American citizens whose parents were Japanese, and that some volunteered for mili tary service they were still put into these camps. They were housed in barracks and used communal areas, for washing and eating. Over half of those taken in were merely children. These camps were then overseen by military personnel. All internees over the age of 17 were given a loyalty test were they were asked questions. 120,000 Japanese were taken in, and only 60,000 survived. In 1988, the U.S. Congress passed legislation which awarded formal payments of $20,000 each to the surviving internees. At the end of the war some remained in the US and rebuilt their lives, others however were unforgiving and returned to Japan. Both the Holocaust and the Japanese internment are eerily similarShow MoreRelatedJapanese Internment Camps during WWII1584 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscrimination near World War II (WWII) were the Jewish people and Japanese Americans. Both groups faced very different types of discrimination by different oppressors with different motives yet their treatment was very similar and many events paralleled each other. The treatment of Japanese in WWII internment camps was as harsh as the Holocausts treatment of the Jewish people. The lead up to the Japanese Americans internment took place over many decades leading up to WWII. It began in theRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel1661 Words   |  7 PagesNight is an account of the Holocaust and persecution of the Jewish people, written by Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel wrote, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky† (Night). Remembering the events of the Holocaust and the atrocities that occurredRead MoreWar Crimes Against Harry Truman1743 Words   |  7 Pagestime a large amount also believe he should have been punished for his actions. Which side one believes to be true depends on the perspective of the situation. An American might believe President Truman was justified for allowing the atomi c bombs to be dropped in order to save hundreds of American soldiers. From the point of view of a Japanese, dropping this massive, deadly, destructive bomb on a town of innocent citizens would be considered inhumane. War crimes are defined by the ICRC as any actionRead MoreJapanese Internment Essay : Japanese American Internment1084 Words   |  5 Pages1 David Ly Mr. Carelback US History April 23, 2016 Japanese-American Internment Essay Humanity has seen great horrors throughout the course of history, one them being the Holocaust during World War II. As we look down upon the Germans of that time, the U.S. had their very own holocaust. President Roosevelt issued the Executive Order #9066 on February 19, 1942, which allowed the relocation of tens and thousands of Japanese Americans to internment camps, stripping them of their rights; the reason beingRead MoreInternsment And Japanese Internment Camps750 Words   |  3 Pages10/17- Claim- For years, people have argued over whether Japanese Internment camps( interment means putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime. During World War II, the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan.) are an Americanized version of concentration camps. Some say that the Japanese Internment camps were just as brutal and inhumane as concentration camps in Nazi Germany. Others will tell you they wereRead MoreWhy Should The Internment Of Nisei Be More Controversial?988 Words   |  4 Pageswould the internment of Nisei be more controversial?) Issei is a term used to describe Japanese immigrants, or those born in Japan but who have moved to America. Such people were prohibited by law from converting into naturalized Americans, despite how long they had lived in the United States. Nisei, on the other hand, defines U.S. citizens born to â€Å"Issei† parents-or Japanese immigrant parents. Nisei are more accurately called â€Å"Japanese Americans,† or referred to as â€Å"non-aliens.† The internment of NiseiRead MoreJapanese Americans in American Concentration Camps783 Words   |  3 PagesJewish people kept in Concentration Camps throughout the Holocaust, this is not it. Japanese-Americans were persecuted due to the fact that they looked like citizens of Japan, who had attacked the United States on December 7th, 1941 at the naval base, Pearl Harbor. This hatred toward the group was due to newspapers creating a scare for the American people, as well as the government restricting the rights of Japanese-Am ericans. The Japanese-Americans were mistreated during World War II for no other reasonRead More`` Night `` By Elie Wiesel1618 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions, rationality and morality. Notably, Elie Wiesel testifies to the consequences of war in his memoir, Night. It details his experience enduring the Holocaust during World War II. Wiesel describes his early childhood being centered around his religion, Judaism, and a strong believer experiencing no waver in his faith. However, during the Holocaust, as Wiesel grows older and sees the cruelty of mankind, he proclaims, â€Å"As for me, I had ceased to pray. I concurred with Job! I was not denying his existenceRead MoreThe After Effects Of War1623 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions, rationality and morality. Notably, Elie Wiesel testifies to the consequences of war in his memoir, Night. It details his experience enduring the Holocaust during World War II. Wiesel describes his early childhood being centered around his religion, Judaism, a nd a strong believer experiencing no waver in his faith. However, during the Holocaust, as Wiesel grows older and sees the cruelty of mankind, he proclaims, â€Å"As for me, I had ceased to pray. I concurred with Job! I was not denying his existenceRead MorePearl Harbor : As A Cause1137 Words   |  5 Pages Then on December 7 of 1941, the day of the attack on our homeland, thousands of service members died and our fleet of navy ships in Hawaii was crippled. A pivotal event in American history, Pearl Harbor was a cause of relocation camps and America’s entrance into World War II. A major effect of Pearl Harbor was the Japanese â€Å"relocation camps† in America. With some aspects similar to those of Nazi Germany’s concentration camps in Poland. In the first few months of the war Japan had defeated many

Affirmative Action The United States Of America

The University of Texas at Austin Affirmative Action in the United States of America An Analysis on a Sociological Problem Nicholas Quoc-Anh Pham (NQP69) SOC 307E Kristine Kilanski May 8, 2015 Affirmative action has been one of the most effective tools to correct a history of inequalities in our nation’s history against people of color and women. The huge advances made during Civil Rights era still has not completely eradicated centuries of sexism and racism. Opportunities for advancement for those previously omitted remain few and far between in comparison to their counterparts. Race and gender are not, nor should they be, the only selection measure but they do warrant to be one of the many influences considered in college admissions, hiring, and awarding of grants and other forms of financial aid. Many prestigious and well regarded school universities such as Harvard and Stanford have been at the forefront of this ideal. Nonetheless, affirmative action remains a heavily contested social issue in the United States. In 1998 the U.S. Department of Labor reported that the blacks were almost two times as likely as their white foils to be unemployed. Additionally, Latin os also had a higher rate of unemployment than for whites. In 2000, the average weekly earnings for whites was $590. In contrast blacks only earned $490 weekly and Latinos earned $395. The distribution of labor was also heavily segregated. These minorities were and still are concentrated in theShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action And The Law Of The United States Of America1496 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction Affirmative action has founded a particular precedent in the Law of the United States of America. It evolved from being an administrative practice of the state and interventionist measures of the President to a way to enshrine the right to equality under the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and the incorporation into the constitution plexus of the 14th amendment where it is stated that no state may deny within its jurisdiction the protection of the law to all its inhabitants.Read Moreaffirmative action1695 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Abstract What is affirmative action? Affirmative action is an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, esp. in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. In the 1940s: President Roosevelt signed an order making discrimination illegal in defense contracting. 1954: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate but equal facilities on the basis of race were unconstitutionally discriminatory. The Act of 1964: CongressRead MoreThe Debate over Affirmative Action1307 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most divisive issues in the United States is race. While most Americans would rather not talk about it, there are still issues surrounding race that will strike the interest of most citizens. This is perhaps nowhere more true than the debate over affirmative action. Although the United States has made great strides in improving race relations over the past forty years, affirmative action continues to be one of the most controve rsial policies in America. It has rattle the halls of higher educationRead MoreAfrican American Economy : African Americans909 Words   |  4 Pageseducation at a rate lower than other groups in society, and lack opportunities in the workforce. These are just two of the elements that cause the wealth gap between Blacks and Whites in America’s financial system. African men and women were brought to America for slavery. Once the slaves were freed, they had to find work and enter into the American workforce with little or no education. Therefore, countless Blacks were forced to take lower level jobs in American society. As a result, racism and inequalityRead MoreAffirmative Action in Universities728 Words   |  3 PagesAffirmative Action in University Admissions All across America, universities have been denying highly qualified applicants to accept minorities who are usually less qualified. These admissions processes misuse the basic principle of affirmative action. Affirmative action is a mandate that says that minorities should be given special opportunities. In 1952, when President D.W. Eisenhower was in office, he decided to let the states decide whether or not to use affirmative action (AffirmativeRead MoreDiscriminatory Practices And Natural Inequalities Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pages Whether individuals recognize it or not, the world is filled with discriminatory practices and natural inequalities. Even the â€Å"free† country, The United States, possesses many cringe worthy social inconsistencies in regards to: race or ethnicity, religion, gender, physical abilities, sexual identity, and sexual orientation. These discriminatory practices bring many circumstances to all dimensions of society. Particularly due to racist discrimination, minorities are left to a disadvantage in higherRead MoreAffirmative Action Is The Most Important Modern Anti Discrimination1578 Words   |  7 Pagesto the district of Columbia in the United States of America once said that â€Å"affirmative action is the most important modern anti-discrimination technique ever instituted in the United States. It is the one tool that has had a demonstrable effect on discrimination. No one who knows anything about the subject would say it hasn t worked. It has certainly done something, or else it wouldn t have provoked so much opposition†. This means that affirmative action is a modern anti-discrimination techniqueRead MoreAmerica Needs Affirmative Action Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesother social characteristics is occurring in all parts of the United States almost every day. Unfortunately, the U.S. has a history of extreme case of discrimination, which has evoked controversy and in worse cases, violence. To discourage any more of adverse discernment towards certain individuals, the Federal government has imposed legislation called affirmative action. According to At Issue: Affirmative Action, â€Å"Affirmative action is designed to promote access to opportunities in education, employmentRead MoreAffirmative Action Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesTwo hundred years ago in America, being born of a certain race or gender predetermined one’s opportunities in life. African Americans were subjected to slavery and discrimination and women had very little liberty. In the present, the United States is much closer to equality, yet gender and race still play a role in life’s opportunities given the high frequency of affirmative action programs; they attempt to increase the representation of minorities on college campuses and in the office, regardlessRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action Discriminates against Asians1146 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative action has been viewed as an ef fective tool for rectifying the inequalities of racism in our country’s past. It is a set of procedures intended to eliminate the discrimination of an applicant based on their ethnic origin. President John F. Kennedy first introduced the concept â€Å"broadly across the United States with his Executive Order number 10925† and â€Å"in 1978 the Supreme Court ruled that race could be used as an admission standard† (Wilcher). The utilization of race is a â€Å"plus factor†

Mutual fund Example

Essays on Mutual fund Essay Mutual funds are known to be companies with open-ended investment that do encourage investors to put their funds into a fund that is being operated by a portfolio manager. The manager has a duty of turning around and investing this large pool of money from different shareholders in a collection of a variety of assets.  We have various types of mutual funds namely, open-end, closed-end and a loan funds (Haslem, 2009). Mutual funds and all the firms that are listed in the Dow 30 are categorized under a particular type of asset class. On determination of what type of investment the company is undertaking, as a mutual fund firm we can find out if we can find our needs in relation to investments and also the kind of benefits we are in quest of in return.    The mutual funds and firms listed under the Dow 30 organization all fits the shareholder in one way or another through the determining and classification of asset classes. Organizational decision making is normally affected by how these assets are classified and also current investment environment do have some effects on the above. In our case we are going to discuss Northern funds mutual funds Company because it is known to be the leading provider in the investment industry (Northern funds, 2006). Northern Funds Mutual Funds Company Northern Trust Corporation is known to be the leading provider of venture management, fund administration, banking solutions for corporations, asset, fiduciary, institutions, and wealthy individuals across the world (Haslem, 2009). In the financial year ending as of June 30, 2006, the total banking assets of Northern Trust was $53 billion, assets under custody was $3.2 trillion while assets under management was given to be $640 billion. Northern Funds do offer its customers all three asset classes of mutual funds which include money-market, fixed-income and equity funds. An equity fund refers to mutual funds that invest in a broad and group of stocks that are well diversified. Fixed-income funds are primarily based in government and corporate debt. The key idea of these resources that are being pulled together is to give a steady cash flow to investors (Haslem, 2009). Fixed-income funds are normally geared towards the traditionalist and retirees. Money market funds do consist of shor t-term debt instruments that are presented in Treasury bills form. Choosing category of asset classes they fall under and mutual funds normally comes with an impact on organizational decision making in relation to portfolios composition. An article about northern funds website indicates that the company’s money market fund rate of return is very competitive. It also indicates that investing in their money markets is the safest. The reason is that due to shareholders worry over a gentle uptick in rise and slow growth. From the same source I also found out that in June, the yield in taxable money market funds was4.4%, an indication that shareholders return their cash almost 1% point more than inflation. If consumer prices level off, the given amount can go higher (Haslem, 2009). Work citations Haslem, John A. 2009. Mutual Funds Portfolio Structures, Analysis, Management, and Stewardship, Epub Edition. John Wiley Sons Inc.

Behavioral Theory Free Essays

The ‘Behavioral Theory’ is the most applicable theory that should be used in a training environment. A training environment involves a series of steps wherein all of the participants undergo tedious challenges and examinations in order to achieve the goal that the trainer or examiner wants to achieve. A training environment aims to maximize whatever skills, potentials or strengths a person has so that the latter would be able to achieve the desired result of the training program. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This presupposes that the participants in the training program are not yet the best in their field thus there is a need to train them, so that they would be able to develop whatever is needed by them to excel in whatever field they chose to enter. The environment that a person lives in has an impact in his way of living. Whether or not a person would realize it, the fact remains that his surroundings will always have an effect on him which can be seen through his acts whether he is conscious of doing them or not. This concept is the same as that being relayed by the behavioral theory. This theory provides in essence, that the skills of the person could be developed with the help of the environment that he is surrounded with. The behavior of a person is dictated by what he senses around him. Thus, everything can be adapted by him and eventually instilled in him. A person can learn and pattern his behavior from what he sees, feels, or thinks. I believe that this is the best theory in training. The success of any training depends on the attitude of the participant. But, there are a lot of factors that should be given importance to be able to help the participant to surpass his training. The training environment should be adequate for the organization or company that is giving the training. For example, a training camp for swimmers should have a swimming pool, a coach, a strict schedule, diet and good itinerary. The people who are called to engage in the training are not necessarily the best people in the field of swimming. But, with the help of the trainer who motivates them, the strict training schedule which calls for them to get up early in the morning to exercise and swim, to have a healthy diet and others would help a lot in directing the minds of the swimmers to become the best athletes. A person who is surrounded with positive people who constantly assure a person that it is possible to reach his dreams would be motivated to give his best and eventually excel in his field. These people were not born as the most intelligent or are considered as the gifted ones but they can outshine everybody if they chose to do so. The ‘behavior theory’ imparts the principle that everything can be learned by anyone who puts his heart into it. A person who is surrounded by people who are geared towards the accomplishment of the same goal or purpose would have the focus to really work hard towards that objective. The manner of thinking and attitude of a person could be changed because he would be able to adapt the attitude of the people around him. Let us compare a situation of two children who were born with different levels of intelligence quotient, one with a superior IQ and the other with an average IQ. The child with the superior IQ is not assured of success and wealth when he grows up. His IQ alone would not suffice to help him stand out in the world if his training is poor. While a child with an average IQ but is hard working, motivated and determined with his training can become more successful than the child with a superior IQ. The reason for this is that intelligence alone is not enough because the behavior of a person plays a very important role for him to be able to reach his goals. Thus the cognitive theory is not a guarantee for success in a training environment. The ‘behavior theory’ is more holistic in its approach for training individuals in any organization setting. Reference: – Behavioral Theory. Retrieved on May 3, 2009 from website http://changingminds. org/disciplines/leadership/theories/behavioral_theory. htm. – Cognitive Behavior Theory. Retrieved on May 3, 2009 from website http://www. cognitivebehavior. com/theory/index_p. html. How to cite Behavioral Theory, Papers

Intelligence And Iq Testing Essay Example For Students

Intelligence And Iq Testing Essay Can intelligence be measured? Does an IQ test actually measure a person’s intelligence? Does a high score indicate a genius? Does a low score indicate stupidity or merely ignorance? These questions have been asked over and over again by psychiatrists and scientists alike, but to date there are no clear answers. These questions cannot be answered without first defining what is meant by the term intelligence. Once intelligence has been defined then it should be easy to answer these questions; however, multiple definitions of the word tend to lead to further confusion. In a 1921 symposium entitled â€Å"Intelligence and Its Measurement†, psychiatrists were asked to define intelligence and their answers varied greatly. One described intelligence as â€Å"equivalent to the capacity to learn.† Other definitions included â€Å"the ability to adapt adequately to relatively new situations†, â€Å"the capacity to learn or profit from experience†, and â€Å"the knowledge that an individual possesses.† And one stated that there was no simple definition to the word because â€Å"intelligence involves two factors- the capacity for knowledge and knowledge possessed† (Sternberg Detterman, 1986, p.39-40). We will write a custom essay on Intelligence And Iq Testing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Dictionaries add still more definitions: Funk Wagnall’s defines intelligence as â€Å"The faculty of perceiving and comprehending meaning; mental quickness; active intellect; understanding† , while Webster’s defines it as â€Å"the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations; the skilled use of reason.† While some of these definitions are similar, none of them are exactly the same. The definition of intelligence becomes even more complicated when one considers the work of Howard Gardner. Gardner claims that intelligence can not be defined with one definition because intelligence is not one thing. Gardner purports that there are eight different categories of intelligence: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. He is currently considering adding a ninth category of intelligence: existential (Carvin). Gardner believes that all people excel in at least one category of intelligence. However, he cautions teachers using the multiple intelligence approach in the classroom: â€Å"Do not label kids as ‘spatial, but not linguistic’ or, for that matter, ‘linguistic, but not spatial.’ The intelligences are categories that help us discover difference in forms of mental representation† (Durie). If intelligence is what a person knows or understands then it is possible to measure intelligence; however, if intelligence is one’s capacity for learning then it is more difficult to measure. If you have a bowl and want to know how much water it will hold then you simply fill the bowl with water, then pour the water into a measuring device, and then you know: That bowl holds two cups, 1/2 a liter, or 25 grams of water. There are many reasons why it is not possible to measure capacity for learning in the same manner: One cannot fill the brain with knowledge, pour the knowledge back out, and measure it. First, there is no way to indicate that the brain is full, no way possible to retrieve all of the information, and no measuring device for knowledge: You cannot have 2 cups, 170 grams, or three feet of knowledge (Block Dworkin, 1976, p.239)Assuming that intelligence is what a person knows makes it possible to measure intelligence, but finding an accurate measuring device is dif ficult. The measurement of intelligence began with the work of Francis Galton who attempted to apply Darwin’s theory of biological evolution to the evolution of human society (Lawler, 1978, p.39-40). Although the tests have changed considerably since then, the type of measurement has remained essentially the same. An IQ test measures intelligence by finding a person’s mental age, dividing it by his or her chronological age, and then multiplying that number x100 (Block Dworkin, 1976, p.6); however, there is no standard test or testing method. There are roughly over one hundred different tests with the most common of these being the Stanford-Binet test (Lawler, 1978, p.29) The test is administered either through group or individual testing. .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 , .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .postImageUrl , .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 , .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:hover , .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:visited , .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:active { border:0!important; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:active , .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7 .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e699619ea98354ecef07f88bb7e95c7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Relationshio between God and Humanity EssayIn group testing literacy is required and each person simply takes a timed written test. In individual testing literacy is not required: Each individual meets privately with a test proctor and takes a mostly oral examination. For example, a child of three would be asked to string beads, identify individual pictures by name not use, build a bridge with blocks, identify a specific article from a picture shown earlier, draw a circle, and draw a vertical line. Test questions become gradually more difficult with age (Lawler, 1978, p. 29-33). While most of those in the psychological field agree that scores from individual tests are more accurate than scores derived from group testing, many still argue the validity of the test (Block Dworkin, 1976, p.350). One psychiatrists has said, â€Å"the tests are accurate at defining mental age in comparison†, but went on to add that, â€Å"mental age and intelligence are not necessarily interchangeable terms† (Sternberg Detterman, 1986, p.41). The number of different tests creates a problem with scoring a valid IQ. In a 1973 study, students were given three different IQ tests on the same day. The students were not given the same exams in the same order. For example student 1 would take test A, then test B, and end with test C; while student 2 would take test B, then test C, and end with test A. The results of the tests showed staggering differences of up to 40 points in IQ. There was no one test that all students scored consistently high on, nor was there a test that all of the students scored consistently low on. The order of the tests also had no effect on the scores (Lawler, 1978, p. 40-43). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences defies testing. Current IQ tests measure less than half of Gardner’s catergories and then the results are combined into a single IQ score. Many of his catergories can not be tested with a standardized test. For instance, Gardner defines his newest catergory of intelligence ( t he naturalist) as including a child that knows about dinosaurs, a child that knows different types of vegetation, or a child that knows about trees. There is no single test that can measure knowledge in each exclusive area of the naturalist (Carvin). Many also argue that the test is biased in the way that answers are scored. For example, one question used in the test for twelve year-olds asks the children to pretend that they have been sent to the store to buy a loaf a bread, but when they arrive the store is out of bread. The children are then asked what they would do with points only being scored for the answer of going to another store; however, for children living in large urban ghetto areas the most popular answer has traditionally been to go home. Researchers argue that, considering the environment that these children live in, going home would be a much more intelligent decision than attempting to go to another store (Lawler, 1978, p.34). Can intelligence be measured? Does an IQ test actually measure a person’s intelligence? The answers all depend on who you ask. Education