Damaged Facilities in Public Schools - 3030 Words

Chapter I Introduction A. Background of the Study Students in public schools acquire sickness from he dirty environment. Frombroken chairs to unventilated rooms, this can be to them uncomfortable and thus, each student’s mood and concentration. The no.1 facility that causes problem for the students is the comfort room. The comfort room in public schools nowadays is an eyesore. The odor that the comfort room releases causes illness in students and visual pollution every time the students visualizes the comfort room.The no.2 facility that has serious problem are the classrooms where the students have their classes at. You can see vandalized area in every angle of the classroom and Insufficient ventilation which made the atmosphere†¦show more content†¦The guards, teachers, guidance councilors and the principal are not involved in the research. Chapter II A. Review of Related Literature The No Child Left Behind Act defines a healthy , high performance school building as one in which the design, construction, operation and maintenance is energy efficient, cost effective, provides good air quality and protects and conserves water(Healthy Schools Network, Inc., 2003). School facilities include the physical surroundings of the school ,construction of materials, technology available, amount of space available for students, teachers and staff, size of classrooms, and a clean and healthy environment that fosters safety(Lemasters, 1997). School principals have the responsibility of ensuring that the above infrastructure factors are emphasized and met as it relates to the quality and standards of educational facilities(Agron, 2000). A survey of a large sample of teachers in Washington, D.C. and Chicago found that school facilities conditions were shown to have direct effect on teaching and learning(Buckeley,Schneider and Shang, 2003). The findings of another study also concluded that when teachers are allowed to teach and facilitate learning in environments that are well maintained and healthy , they are able to be more effective, which inevitably affects the academic achievement of students being taught at that particularShow MoreRelatedThe American Psychiatric Association Uses The Term Gender Dysphonia 864 Words   |  4 Pagesmatch.† Civilians need a better understanding that transgender people need better protection. People against transsexuals believe that transgender are â€Å"ghastly† and are having an â€Å"identity crisis.† Transsexuals need protection in the workplace, public facilities, and in athletics/sports. For starters, the workplace can be a dangerous place for transsexuals. To begin with, Trevor Gates states in an article, that, LGBT workers rank lowest in wellbeing and financial wellbeing as well. Considering thatRead MoreReport on the Canterbury Earthquake of 20111053 Words   |  4 PagesA report On the Canterbury Earthquake 2011 Introduction This report will show the reader about which areas and buildings around the Canterbury region were critically damaged and inaccessible to the public during and after the earth quake which hit the Canterbury region and was felt beyond the region as well, it will split into two categories cultural and natural effects. I will also be referring to my â€Å"special analysis â€Å"data. Also in the report I will show you were the CDEM should be located in caseRead MoreDisasters Caused By Extreme Weather991 Words   |  4 Pagesflood, extreme heat, drought, and tornado, becomes more frequent and more intense, additionally more difficult to be predicted. Due to this, in past ten years, natural disaster affects over 220 million people, and over 100 million US dollars are damaged per year; only in 2011, economic damage caused by urban disaster at over 380 billion US dollars. However, the largest damage is not the direct economic losses, but the cost of post-disaster reconstruction. The wors t thing is, for some place whichRead MoreThe Dangers Of The Digital Divide1088 Words   |  5 Pagesaccessibility at all. Over the years, the usefulness of the internet has grown so much that it has become more of a household utility than just an added luxury or benefit. Today, almost everything is done over the internet. Applying for jobs and schools. Checking schedule changes and reports. Even receiving paychecks and paying bills. With more and more companies and businesses relying on online services for consumer interaction, it’s easy to understand how the internet is just as important asRead MoreEarthquake Of The California On The San Andreas Fault Line1550 Words   |  7 Pagesa child I’ve always remembered preparing for earthquake drills in school because you never knew when the big one would hit. This is something that is ingrained in me because we did it multiple times per year. I remember being a small child and waking to a big earthquake and having to h ide in the doorway like I was taught which is very traumatizing because it’s something that stays with you. Along with the contest reminded at school. Growing up where a potential natural disaster happens can impactRead MoreMedicine And Its Impact On Medical Education1371 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent categories. Two exponential categories being American medical education and facilities, which have been impacted by a number of sources, positively and negatively. During the American Colonial Era, medicine was taught through apprenticeships. This learning technique was added on to when the hospital and medical school were created. Ben Franklin and Thomas Bond made a positive impact on medical facilities in 1752, when they opened the first ongoing hospital, the Pennsylvania Hospital, inRead MoreJapan Earthquake Of 2011 And The Haiti Earthquake870 Words   |  4 Pagescoast of Japan; thus, generating a devastating tsunami. Unfortunately, the earthquake and tsunami cost Japan $220 billion (2011-US dollars) in damage, $30 million (2011-US dollars) worth of damage in Hawaii, $55 million (2011-US dollars) to marine facilities in California, and $6 million (2011-US dollars) in losses to Chilean fishing industries. 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(Pedroncelli) School shootings have become more prevalent, there have been over 200 school shooting incidents since the Sandy Hook shooting in 2012. â€Å"Ready access to weaponry has been implicated in these trends. For instance, it has been found that two thirds of school shooters obtained their firearms from their own home, or the home of a relative†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Towers 1). Also, the amount of violenceRead More Asbestos Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesBecause of these qualities, asbestos has been used in thousands if consumer, industrial, maritime, automotive, scientific and building products. During the twentieth century, some 30 million tons of asbestos were used in industrial sites, homes, schools, shipyards and commercial buildings in the United States. There are several types of asbestos fibers, of which three have been used for commercial applications: (1) Chrysotile, or white asbestos, comes mainly from Canada, and has been very widely

Shadow Banking A Form Of Regulatory Arbitrage - 1185 Words

Shadow banking can be seen as a form of regulatory arbitrage that provides important financial intermediation functions distinct from those preformed by banks and capital banks [Claessens et al (2012)]. Some of these functions include securitization and collateral intermediation both of which we have partially discussed. One thing that should be pointed out is that, contrary to its name; shadow banking is not completely unrelated to conventional banking. For instance, shadow-banking complements traditional banking by expanding access to credit or by supporting market liquidity, maturity transformation and risk sharing [Nico Valckx et al]. The only major difference between the two banking systems is that shadow banking is not regulated.†¦show more content†¦The shadow banks responded to this by trying to issue new securities and force selling the underlying collateral. However due to the aforementioned slump in mortgages and real estate prices, this response failed and the va lue of these repurchase agreements continued to decline whilst the haircuts continued to increase. Due to this, lenders refused to offer short-term loans whilst haircuts grew to new highs. This meant that repo lending drastically decreased and lead to the collapse of the shadow banking system. To highlight the extremity of the above scenario, Figure 2 shows the drop in the US repo market before and after the 2008 recession [Financial Times (2013)] [Figure 2]. In retrospect, due to the above events, regulators became concerned by the use of repo agreements and the simultaneous use of haircuts in these agreements. These regulators were concerned that haircuts would amplify negative market trends and in situations where asset prices were falling, the increases in haircuts in response to the loss of confidence in an asset could reduce the liquidity of market users who may then sell assets, and so reducing the price of the asset and causing the haircuts to further increase [ICMA]. They believe that this scenario contributed greatly to the current financial recession. However, there are some arguments against thisShow MoreRelatedBasel Norms2920 Words   |  12 Pagesof the Basel Accord in 1998 and how it has evolved over the course of the last 23 years. Contrary to the popular belief capital regulations have been considered the biggest underlying factor of the subprime crisis owing to securitization, the shadow banking system and the flexibili ty given to banks in risk assessment. The recent Basel III norms though aim to mitigate the already caused damage, the results are still left to be witnessed. 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Market Concept Essay Free Essays

Article from Karl Moore: Karl Moore is PHd associate professor in the Faculty of Management at McGill University was responsible for writing the article â€Å"The Marketing Concept- RIP† which was published July 17th, 2006. He discusses the decline and the increasing irrelevance of the marketing concept idea and how firms are adapting this strategy in today’s market. Moore emphasis on the following points: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Concept Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Importance of market research before launching a product 2. The need to focus on the product’s usage by the end users 3. The difficulty firms face to implement the marketing concept strategy in today’s market place. The author uses the example of the high-tech sector and explains why he feels the marketing concept applied in this way is no longer relevant, then goes into detail about how it is not just limited to the high-tech sector. To understand Moore’s article you need to understand what marketing and the marketing concept it first. Marketing consists of individual and organizational activities that facilitate and expedite satisfying exchange relationships in a dynamic environment through the creation, distribution, promotion and pricing of goods, services and ideas. The main principles of marketing are to satisfy customers, target the â€Å"right’ customer, facilitate exchange relationships, stay ahead of competitors and enhance profitability (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 7). The ultimate goal is to satisfy targeted customers, seeking their loyalty and consumption. The marketing concept can be defined as the philosophy that firms should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs, better than the competition (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 17). In his opening paragraph Moore mentions that the marketing concept is â€Å"coming to a close† and heading towards a â€Å"semi-retirement†. I strongly disagree with this statement. Why? Since the marketing concept era many companies are now transitioning to the market orientation era (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 17). The focus of the market orientation era is mainly on continuously collecting information about customer needs and competitors’ capabilities and to use this information to create value, ensure customer satisfaction and develop customer relationships (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 7). Let us look at how Netflix took the Marketing concept in stride. Netflix involved the identification of the unmet or underserved customer needs. Reed Hastings, founder and creator of Netflix started off as a video rental customer himself, tired of paying late fees and having to run to the video store when he wanted to watch a movie, he decided to create something simpler and more convenient for customers (Dean. 2010). He was able to draw upon personal experience to help establish the opportunity nucleus and survey what other customers wanted out of a video store. The movie rental industry had already established methods surrounding video rental, late return policies, and membership rules. Hastings believed that without competition, these brick-and-mortar movie rental companies would never have a reason to change (Dean. 2010). Reed Hastings, decided to disrupt the traditional video rental business by introducing a new twist on the home movie service (Dean. 2010). A perfect example of advances in technology, adaptation of DVD media over VHS, and an unmet consumer demand is responsible for the successful launch of Hastings’ vision of Netflix. Not unlike other innovative start-up companies, Netflix has undergone several strategy shifts (Dean. 2010). Each change in focus or direction has assured that the company remains dominate in the movie rental industry. It appears that Hastings has followed the Marketing Concept to a tee, he started off with collection information from customer needs’ (his own) and the competitors capabilities (video rental companies were not in a position to change their rules and regulations) and he completed the circle by using customer knowledge to create customer satisfaction as Netflix still remains more popular than Blockbuster or Rogers Video. Moore goes into more detail about the high tech industry, giving the example of the Sony walkman and how the product was developed. He also explains that if Sony followed the Marketing concept theory in creating the walkman, it would have failed. He follows this explanation of the Sony walkman with the comment â€Å"with many high tech products you cannot get a very reliable data from current customers about the potential uses of your future products. † This statement is by far the most ludicrous statement thru out the entire article and makes absolutely no sense. The vast majority of high tech industries rely solely on how customers perceive new and future products. Look at the Apple IPods. Apple made sure they always stayed ahead of the game by releasing new hardware, software, or better and newer applications for the iPod (Taber. 2007). People love new and flashy products so this was a great way to sell a product. The iPod has become a fashion accessory and a must have. People salivate if there hear a new and more updated version of the iPod is coming out, they want a product that can hold more music and data. Why would they want a â€Å"dinosaur† iPod that only holds 1000 songs when they can get an iPod that holds 2000, takes videos, and has downloadable apps? In this sense, the iPod marketing concept strategy made sense because it consistently advanced Apple’s emerging goal of making the Mac the hub of a digital lifestyle (Taber. 2007). It also aligned with the company’s strategic goal of frequently releasing innovative new products in an effort to stay ahead of a curve of consumers who quickly get tired of old gadgets. As usual, it was a strategy that leveraged the benefits of existing technology, and it made sense from the point of view that it was consistent with what historically drove the company, is bringing products to people that were stylish and easy to use. So if Apple didn’t use the marketing concept strategy, it would have failed. The one paragraph in Moore’s article that I do agree with is when he mentions that a great deal of high tech industries do spend more time launching a new product then developing the product. Models of new product development prescribe critical stages that organizations should go through to have a successful product launch (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 262-271). Regardless of the model, critical phases include: product idea generation, idea screening, concept testing, and business analysis, marketing mix development, test marketing and commercialization (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 262-271). In theory, going through these stages systematically helps organizations weed out the potential failures. Customer focus is an integral component of the product development process that is often ignored. The need to incorporate the voice of the customer (adopt the marketing concept) at every phase is imbedded in these models of new product development, each phase contributing additional knowledge as to what customers want (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 263-264). Yet concept testing and test marketing are most often overlooked y new product development teams as they rush to get their product to market before the competition (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 259-260). Unfortunately, this can lead to fatal errors when customer expectations are extremely high – or when dealing with a sophisticated customer – as is the case for high tech products. An example of this was the Apple Newton; Apple pre-announced the Newton before it was ready. In terms of t he product offering, it was neither a complete product nor a fully functional product (Hormby. 006). In the hurry to get to the market, Apple had not fully developed the handwriting recognition software, one of the featured attributes (Hormby. 2006). While innovators and early adopters are willing to take risks on new products, they do expect a minimal level of performance which the Apple Newton could not deliver. Moore also makes a valid statement in his end paragraph with respect for non-tech marketers have to know who their key customers will be and how the marketers should focus their research efforts. Customer focus, a core element of the marketing concept, is certainly a widely adopted buzzword today, one which is stressed in all introductory marketing texts. While the marketing concept applies to all industries, it is particularly important in technologically driven industries that have been among the first to introduce quality techniques, many of which begin with capturing the â€Å"voice of the customer†. (Crane, Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2008, p. 259). Look at how Apple launched its iPod back in 2001 to appeal to customers. When you watch the iPod commercials on television – what did you see? You see a bunch of people dancing on a colored background. There are women and men, but you don’t know anything else about them. This advertisement is ingenious for many reasons. For one, you don’t know where these people are. They could be anywhere in the world. Secondly, you don’t know who they are or what they do for a living. They can be anyone. All you know is that they are enjoying the music and rocking out. This is what makes that commercial so great and such an excellent idea. It allows anyone in the world to be that person. In conclusion, Moore is correct in his assumption that many high tech industries are in a rush to release their product before actually developing their product. However, it is very unrealistic of him to state that if companies follow the marketing concept they would be doomed to fail, he needs to look at many of the successes of the high tech market such as the Apple iPod or Netflix and how many non-tech industries can learn from Apple’s/Netflix marketing strategy. Although this article was written back in 2006, many advances of technology have taken place and it’s foolish to think that the marketing concept had nothing to do with this advancement. Refernces Crane, F. G. , Kerin, R. A. , Hartley, S. W. Rudelius W. (2008). Marketing. (7th Canadian ed. ). Toronto, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Taber, David. (17 Sept. 2007 ). â€Å"The Taber Report on IPod Marketing. † The Taber Report. Retrieved April 25, 2011, from http://www. taberconsulting. com/download/dtr-35. htm. Weisbein, Jeff. 1 March. 2008). â€Å"The iPod Success: Thank the Marketing Department†. Retrieved May 5, 2011, from http://www. besttechie. net/2008/03/01/the-ipod-success-thank-the-marketing-department/. Hormby, Tom. (7 Feb. 2006). â€Å"The Story Behind Apple’s Newton†. Retrieved April 25th, 2011 from http://lowendmac. com/orchard/06/john-sculley-newton-origin. html. Dean, Gregory. (10 Nov. 2010). â€Å"Netflix: An Online Business Beyond Geniusâ € . Retrieved May 15, 2011 from http://marketography. com/2010/11/10/online-business-beyond-genius/. How to cite Market Concept Essay, Essays

Cognitive Radio Network and Channel Allocation Problem - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Radio Network and Channel Allocation Problem. Answer: Introduction The cognitive radio can be considered as a wireless communication system in which a transceiver can intelligently detect which communication channel are in use and which are not in use. This can help in moving to a free channel avoiding the occupied one (Han, Dianati and Nekovee2016). The concept mainly optimizes the use of the radio frequency which is available while concern to interference which is related to others. Considering the basic form, the cognitive radio is a technology which is hybrid which involves software defined radio as applied to the spread spectrum communication. The possible function of the cognitive radio mainly includes the foremost ability to transceiver to determine the geographic location, identify and the user authorization, decrypt and encrypt signals, sense wireless neighbouring devices in the operation and the adjustment of the power output and the characteristics of the modulation. The main aim of the report is put emphasis on the channel allocation problem. Taking into account the concept of how to allocate a single Dynamic Channel Allocations channel among the users who are competitive. The problem which is related with the techniques is also taken into consideration and comparison between the fixed channel allocation and the dynamic channel allocation is put forward. Allocation scheme There are mainly two types of allocation process fixed channel allocation and Dynamic channel allocation. Fixed channel allocation This allocation technique can be done using the static multiplexing method which are FDM and TDM (Frequency / time division Multiplexing). The frequency division multiplexing is used in radio or TV broadcasting. Dynamic Channel Allocation on the other hand time division multiplexing is used in POTS (Plain old telephone system). Problem in Fixed channel allocation. The main problem factor which can be related to it is that ones a channel is allocated it would not change the channel during its full operation phase (Moisio 2016). The channel would be fully busy with the process and sometimes resources are needed in some point of time. The process has to wait in order to gain the resource in the meantime the channel would be occupied and no other process can be initiated through the channel (Akaiwa and Andoh 2017). Dynamic allocation The process of dynamic channel allocation is done using the concept of pure/slotted ALOHA protocol or the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) PROTOCOL. It is very much efficient than the process of static channel allocation as it uses the free collision protocol and does not waste bandwidth (Khodashenas et al. 2016) Assumption for the Dynamic channel allocation Independent traffic: independent stations. Single channel: which is available for the communication. All the stations can receive on and transmit from. Each of the stations are very much equally capable. Observe collision: all the station is able to detect collision (Zhao eta l. 2016). Slotted time or continuous (for transmission) Carrier sense or no sense carrier: without the sense of the carrier stations can tell if the channel is in use or not before making a move to use the channel (Tomabechi et al. 2016) Problem in Dynamic channel allocation. In the process of dynamic channel allocation, a process is allocated in a channel randomly. A particular process may require specific bandwidth for its execution. In some cases, it is seen a process is allocated a specific channel and results in loss of bandwidth. This bandwidth can be used by another process which require that amount of bandwidth (Joseph, Borst and Reiman 2016). Comparison between FCA and DCA Evaluation Parameter FIXED CHANNEL ALLOCATION DYNAMIC CHANNEL ALLOCATION Hand off blocking rate High Low Call dropping probability More Less Interference minimize Not good Good Network traffic load Un balance Balance Utilization of resource Less More Change AI location Do not change during the call processing Dynamically changes Complexity Less More Flexibility Less More Ion cost implement Low High The average block rate which is related to the handoff of the fixed channel allocation scheme is relatively high when it is compared to the average rate of blocking which is related to dynamic channel allocation scheme. In fixed channel allocation a set of channel is permanently allocated to each of the cell with regards to the network. This leads to be channel which is fixed and which does not change during the process (Loo, Mauri and Ortiz 2016). In the dynamic channel allocation schemes, all the channels are kept in a central pool and rare assigned dynamically to the new cell as they arrive into the system, this change can be leaded dynamically. In the fixed channel allocation system, the distance which is related to the cell which is using the same channel is very much minimum reuse distance for that system. Improvement of the performance Parameter 1: Throughout of the system Parameter 2: Latency decrease Parameter 3: Connectivity of the network improves (Jiang et al. 2016). Conclusion In recent times, the technology of the wireless resource has received much of the attentions. As a result of which vast amount of innovations are taking place in the concept of resolving the concept for solving channel allocation problem. This report mainly deals with the fixed channel allocation and the dynamic channel allocation and comparison is produced in the prospective of both the technology. The fixed channel allocation scheme is very much simple to implement and use and does not involve channel utilization constraints. In the dynamic channel allocation scheme there is no pre assigned channel in the cell of the cellular network. References Akaiwa, Y. and Andoh, H., 2017. Channel segregation-a self-organized dynamic channel allocation method: application to TDMA/FDMA microcellular system. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 11(6), pp.949-954. Han, C., Dianati, M. and Nekovee, M., 2016. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference 2016. Jiang, D., Ying, X., Han, Y. and Lv, Z., 2016. Collaborative multi-hop routing in cognitive wireless networks. Wireless personal communications, 86(2), pp.901-923. Joseph, V., Borst, S. and Reiman, M.I., 2016. Optimal rate allocation for video streaming in wireless networks with user dynamics. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 24(2), pp.820-835. Kari, H., Nokia Telecommunications Oy, 2016. Channel allocation method for a packet network. U.S. Patent 6,597,682. Khodashenas, P.S., Rivas-Moscoso, J.M., Siracusa, D., Pederzolli, F., Shariati, B., Klonidis, D., Salvadori, E. and Tomkos, I., 2016. Comparison of spectral and spatial super-channel allocation schemes for SDM networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(11), pp.2710-2716. Loo, J., Mauri, J.L. and Ortiz, J.H. eds., 2016. Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and future trends. CRC Press. Moisio, M., 2016. Channel allocation method in a cellular radio network. U.S. Patent Application 10/171,380. Tomabechi, A., Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., 2016. Dynamic channel allocation method. U.S. Patent 5,260,944. Zhao, W., Nishiyama, H., Fadlullah, Z., Kato, N. and Hamaguchi, K., 2016. DAPA: Capacity optimization in wireless networks through a combined design of density of access points and partially overlapped channel allocation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(5), pp.3715-3722.